Matthew 28:19-20, often referred to as the Great Commission, is one of the most significant passages in the New Testament. It serves as a foundational text for the mission of the Church and the spread of the Christian faith. These verses capture the essence of Jesus' instructions to His disciples following His resurrection and prior to His ascension into heaven. Understanding the significance of these verses requires a deep exploration of their context, theological implications, and their enduring impact on Christianity.
The passage reads: "Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age" (Matthew 28:19-20, ESV). These words are not only a command but also a promise that encapsulates the mission and presence of Jesus in the life of believers.
Contextual Background
The context of the Great Commission is crucial to its understanding. After the crucifixion and resurrection, Jesus appeared to His disciples in Galilee. This was a moment of transformation and empowerment. The disciples, who had witnessed the death of their teacher and Lord, were now confronted with His risen presence. The command given by Jesus was not merely a new assignment but a continuation of His earthly ministry, now to be carried out by His followers.
The setting in Galilee is significant. Galilee was not only the place where Jesus began His ministry but also a region known for its diversity and mix of cultures. This backdrop underscores the universal scope of the mission Jesus was entrusting to His disciples. The call to make disciples of "all nations" reflects God's inclusive plan for salvation and the breaking down of barriers between Jews and Gentiles.
Theological Implications
The Great Commission is rich in theological meaning. First, it underscores the authority of Christ. The preceding verse, Matthew 28:18, declares, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me." This authority is the basis for the command that follows. Jesus, having conquered sin and death, possesses the ultimate authority to commission His followers. This assurance of authority empowers the disciples to carry out the mission with confidence, knowing they are backed by the sovereign power of Christ.
The command to "make disciples" is central to the passage. Discipleship involves more than mere conversion; it is a lifelong process of learning and growing in the teachings of Jesus. It signifies a deep, transformative relationship with Christ, characterized by obedience and commitment. The call to make disciples of "all nations" highlights the universal nature of the Gospel. It breaks down ethnic, cultural, and social barriers, emphasizing that the message of Jesus is for everyone.
Baptism, mentioned specifically in the Great Commission, symbolizes initiation into the Christian community. It is an outward expression of an inward faith, a public declaration of allegiance to Christ. The Trinitarian formula, "in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit," reflects the fullness of God's nature and the unity of the Godhead. This formula has been foundational in Christian theology, emphasizing the distinct yet unified work of the Trinity in salvation.
Teaching is another critical component of the Great Commission. Jesus instructs His disciples to teach new believers to observe all that He has commanded. This implies a comprehensive approach to discipleship that encompasses doctrine, ethics, and lifestyle. The teachings of Jesus, as recorded in the Gospels, provide a blueprint for Christian living. The emphasis on teaching underscores the importance of Scripture and the role of the Church in nurturing and guiding believers.
The Promise of Presence
A remarkable aspect of the Great Commission is the promise of Jesus' presence: "And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age." This assurance is a source of comfort and strength for believers. It echoes the promise given to Joshua in the Old Testament (Joshua 1:9) and affirms that Jesus is Emmanuel, "God with us" (Matthew 1:23). The presence of Christ through the Holy Spirit empowers and sustains the Church in its mission. It assures believers that they are never alone as they fulfill the call to make disciples.
Impact on the Church and Missions
The Great Commission has profoundly influenced the Church's understanding of its mission. It has been a driving force behind Christian evangelism and missions throughout history. The early Church, as recorded in the Acts of the Apostles, took this commission seriously, spreading the Gospel from Jerusalem to the ends of the earth. The apostle Paul, among others, exemplified the missionary zeal that has characterized the Church's outreach efforts.
In the centuries that followed, the Great Commission inspired countless missionaries to venture into unknown lands, often at great personal risk, to share the message of Jesus. Figures like William Carey, known as the "father of modern missions," and Hudson Taylor, who pioneered missions in China, were motivated by this divine mandate. The Great Commission continues to inspire contemporary mission efforts, emphasizing the need for cultural sensitivity, contextualization, and holistic approaches to evangelism.
Contemporary Relevance
In today's world, the Great Commission remains as relevant as ever. The global landscape has changed dramatically since the time of Jesus, yet the core message of the Gospel and the call to make disciples transcends cultural and temporal boundaries. In a world marked by division, conflict, and spiritual searching, the message of hope and reconciliation found in Christ is desperately needed.
The digital age presents new opportunities and challenges for fulfilling the Great Commission. Technology enables the rapid dissemination of the Gospel message, reaching places and people previously inaccessible. Social media, online platforms, and digital resources have become tools for evangelism and discipleship, allowing the Church to engage with diverse audiences worldwide.
However, the Great Commission also calls for personal engagement and relational evangelism. It challenges believers to live out their faith authentically and to be witnesses in their communities, workplaces, and families. The call to make disciples is not limited to pastors or missionaries; it is a mandate for every follower of Christ.
The Great Commission also invites the Church to reflect on its practices and priorities. It challenges Christians to move beyond mere church attendance and programs to a dynamic, disciple-making movement. It calls for a commitment to social justice, compassion, and service, reflecting the holistic nature of Jesus' ministry.
Conclusion of Thoughts
Matthew 28:19-20 stands as a timeless and powerful call to action for the Church. It encapsulates the heart of Jesus' mission and His desire for all people to experience the transformative power of the Gospel. As believers, we are entrusted with the responsibility to carry this message to the ends of the earth, empowered by the presence and authority of Christ. The Great Commission challenges us to be faithful witnesses, committed disciples, and active participants in God's redemptive work in the world.
